Java Hibernate Online Test

Refactor the AlertService and MapAlertDAO classes:

• Create a new package-private interface, named AlertDAO, that contains the same methods as MapAlertDAO.
• MapAlertDAO should implement the AlertDAO interface.
• AlertService should have a public constructor that accepts AlertDAO.
• The raiseAlert and getAlertTime methods should use the object passed through the constructor.

The PetDAO class is used for various database operations on the Pet entity.

Finish the findNamedPetsBySpecies method so that it returns all pets of the appropriate species. The method should not return any Pets whose name field is null. The method accepts a Hibernate Session object that it should use to make the query.

For example, if the Pets table contains:

id  name   species
--------------------
0   Lady   Dog
1   Max    Cat
2   null   Camel

calling findNamedPetsBySpecies with "Cat" as the species, should return a list that contains a pet named "Max" with the id 1.

Implement the uniqueNames method. When passed two arrays of names, it will return an array containing the names that appear in either or both arrays. The returned array should have no duplicates.

For example, calling MergeNames.uniqueNames(new String[]{'Ava', 'Emma', 'Olivia'}, new String[]{'Olivia', 'Sophia', 'Emma'}) should return an array containing Ava, Emma, Olivia, and Sophia in any order.

A turn-based strategy game has a grid with water and land. The grid contains a true value where it's water and false where it's land.

The player controls a boat unit with a particular movement pattern. It can only move to fixed destinations from its current position as shown in the image below:

The boat can only move in a direct path through water to the possible destinations, so a destination will become unreachable if there is land in the way. 

Implement the canTravelTo function, that checks whether a destination is reachable by the boat. It should return true for destinations that are reachable according to the pattern above, and false for unreachable or out of bounds destinations which are outside the grid. 

For example, consider the following code:

boolean[][] gameMatrix = {
    {false, true,  true,  false, false, false},
    {true,  true,  true,  false, false, false},
    {true,  true,  true,  true,  true,  true},
    {false, true,  true,  false, true,  true},
    {false, true,  true,  true,  false, true},
    {false, false, false, false, false, false},
};

System.out.println(canTravelTo(gameMatrix, 3, 2, 2, 2)); // true, Valid move
System.out.println(canTravelTo(gameMatrix, 3, 2, 3, 4)); // false, Can't travel through land
System.out.println(canTravelTo(gameMatrix, 3, 2, 6, 2)); // false, Out of bounds

The following image shows valid and invalid destinations when the boat is in the position (3, 2):

As a part of the route planner, the routeExists method is used as a quick filter if the destination is reachable, before using more computationally intensive procedures for finding the optimal route.

The roads on the map are rasterized and produce a matrix of boolean values - true if the road is present or false if it is not. The roads in the matrix are connected only if the road is immediately left, right, below or above it.

Finish the routeExists method so that it returns true if the destination is reachable or false if it is not. The fromRow and fromColumn parameters are the starting row and column in the mapMatrix. The toRow and toColumn are the destination row and column in the mapMatrix. The mapMatrix parameter is the above mentioned matrix produced from the map.

For example, for the given rasterized map, the code below should return true since the destination is reachable:

boolean[][] mapMatrix = {
    {true,  false, false},
    {true,  true,  false},
    {false, true,  true}
};
        
routeExists(0, 0, 2, 2, mapMatrix);

Implement the IceCreamMachine's scoops method so that it returns all combinations of one ingredient and one topping. If there are no ingredients or toppings, the method should return an empty list.

For example,

IceCreamMachine machine = new IceCreamMachine(
    new String[]{"vanilla", "chocolate"},
    new String[]{"chocolate sauce"}
);
List<IceCream> scoops = machine.scoops();
for (IceCream iceCream : scoops) {
    System.out.println(iceCream.ingredient + ", " + iceCream.topping);
}

should print

vanilla, chocolate sauce
chocolate, chocolate sauce

Your company is analyzing malware which targets numerical record files.

The malware uses a sliding window over the array of numbers in a file, and tries to match the following pattern:

Tl, -, -, X, -, -, -, Tr

The entire window is moved so that 'X' passes through all the values and is compared to the numbers at the 'Tl' and 'Tr' locations, which are positioned at a constant offset to 'X'.

The malware has the following rules:

• If the value at the 'Tl' or 'Tr' position of the pattern is bigger or equal to the value at the 'X’ position, the malware replaces the value at 'X' with 0.
• If the value at the 'Tl' or 'Tr' offset is out of bounds, then the value at 'X' is only compared to the other existing value.
• The record is processed in two stages: first, all the positions that should be set to 0 are located, using the original values for comparison. Only after all positions have been identified do they get set to 0.

For example, if the values in a record file are the following:

new int[] { 1, 2, 0, 5, 0, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3 }

The expected values after the malware runs are:

new int[] { 1, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 0 }

In this example, both '2's, the '4' and the last '3' were replaced by 0.

Implement the simulate method so that the malware behavior is replicated for further study.

A playlist is considered a repeating playlist if any of the songs contain a reference to a previous song in the playlist. Otherwise, the playlist will end with the last song which points to null.

Implement a function isInRepeatingPlaylist that, efficiently with respect to time used, returns true if a playlist is repeating or false if it is not.

For example, the following code prints "true" as both songs point to each other.

Song first = new Song("Hello");
Song second = new Song("Eye of the tiger");
    
first.setNextSong(second);
second.setNextSong(first);
    
System.out.println(first.isInRepeatingPlaylist());

Implement function countNumbers that accepts a sorted array of unique integers and, efficiently with respect to time used, counts the number of array elements that are less than the parameter lessThan.

For example, SortedSearch.countNumbers(new int[] { 1, 3, 5, 7 }, 4) should return 2 because there are two array elements less than 4.

Implement the function findRoots to find the roots of the quadratic equation: ax² + bx + c = 0. The function should return a Roots object containing roots in any order. If the equation has only one solution, the function should return that solution as both elements of the Roots. The equation will always have at least one solution.

The roots of the quadratic equation can be found with the following formula:

For example, findRoots(2, 10, 8) should return a Roots object where either x1 = -1, x2 = -4 or x1 = -4, x2 = -1 as the roots of the equation 2x² + 10x + 8 = 0 are -1 and -4.

Write a function that, when passed a list and a target sum, returns, efficiently with respect to time used, two distinct zero-based indices of any two of the numbers, whose sum is equal to the target sum. If there are no two numbers, the function should return null.

For example, findTwoSum(new int[] { 3, 1, 5, 7, 5, 9 }, 10) should return a single dimensional array with two elements and contain any of the following pairs of indices:

• 0 and 3 (or 3 and 0) as 3 + 7 = 10
• 1 and 5 (or 5 and 1) as 1 + 9 = 10
• 2 and 4 (or 4 and 2) as 5 + 5 = 10

A TrainComposition is built by attaching and detaching wagons from the left and the right sides, efficiently with respect to time used.

For example, if we start by attaching wagon 7 from the left followed by attaching wagon 13, again from the left, we get a composition of two wagons (13 and 7 from left to right). Now the first wagon that can be detached from the right is 7 and the first that can be detached from the left is 13.

Implement a TrainComposition that models this problem.

Binary search tree (BST) is a binary tree where the value of each node is larger or equal to the values in all the nodes in that node's left subtree and is smaller than the values in all the nodes in that node's right subtree.

Write a function that, efficiently with respect to time used, checks if a given binary search tree contains a given value.

For example, for the following tree:

• n1 (Value: 1, Left: null, Right: null)
• n2 (Value: 2, Left: n1, Right: n3)
• n3 (Value: 3, Left: null, Right: null)

Call to contains(n2, 3) should return true since a tree with root at n2 contains number 3.

The Stock class is used to represent a snapshot of a company's stock in the database.

Add appropriate annotations to the class, so that Hibernate maps it in the following way:

• The id field should be the primary key, which should be generated when the object is saved.
• The companyName field should be mapped to the "company_name" column in the database.
• The price field should be mapped to the "price" column in the database, it should never be null.

Using JUnit 4's Assert class, write tests for the Account class that cover the following cases:

• The deposit and withdraw methods will not accept negative numbers.
• Account cannot overstep its overdraft limit.
• The deposit and withdraw methods will deposit or withdraw the correct amount, respectively.
• The withdraw and deposit methods return the correct results.

public class Account {
    private double balance;
    private double overdraftLimit;
    
    public Account(double overdraftLimit) {
        this.balance = 0;
        this.overdraftLimit = overdraftLimit > 0 ? overdraftLimit : 0;
    }
    
    public boolean deposit(double amount) {
        if(amount >= 0) {
            this.balance += amount;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    public boolean withdraw(double amount) {
        if(this.balance - amount >= -this.overdraftLimit && amount >= 0) {
            this.balance -= amount;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }
    
    public double getOverdraftLimit() {
        return overdraftLimit;
    }
}

Each of the test case methods should be in the AccountTest class and have the Test annotation.

User interface contains two types of user input controls: TextInput, which accepts all characters and NumericInput, which accepts only digits.

Implement the class TextInput that contains:

• Public method void add(char c) - adds the given character to the current value
• Public method String getValue() - returns the current value

Implement the class NumericInput that:

• Inherits from TextInput
• Overrides the add method so that each non-numeric character is ignored

For example, the following code should output "10":

TextInput input = new NumericInput();
input.add('1');
input.add('a');
input.add('0');
System.out.println(input.getValue());

Implement a function folderNames, which accepts a string containing an XML file that specifies folder structure and returns all folder names that start with startingLetter. The XML format is given in the example below.

For example, for the letter 'u' and an XML file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<folder name="c">
    <folder name="program files">
        <folder name="uninstall information" />
    </folder>
    <folder name="users" />
</folder>

the function should return a collection with items "uninstall information" and "users" (in any order).

Implement methods in the DecoratorStream class:

• write method should write the prefix into the underlying stream member only on the first write invocation. It should always write the bytes it receives to the underlying stream.
• The prefix should be written in UTF-8 encoding.

For example, if the DecoratorStream is instantiated with "First line: " as the prefix parameter and write method is called with UTF-8 byte representation of "Hello, world!", it should write "First line: Hello, world!" into the underlying stream.

A company is designing the class hierarchy for various cache implementations:

public class Cache {}

public class DiskCache extends Cache {}

public class MemoryCache extends Cache {}

public class OptimizedDiskCache extends DiskCache {}

Select all the answers that will result in a runtime exception.

You are working on a calculator application where users can input a mathematical expression such as: (3 + 5) * (2 - 4).

To correctly evaluate this expression, the application needs to validate the expression and ensure that the parentheses are balanced. The balanced parentheses are crucial for determining the order of operations and evaluating the expression correctly.

You have used an AI assistant to generate the following static method to check if the parentheses in an expression are balanced:

public static boolean isBalanced(String parentheses) {
    Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>();
    Set<Character> opening = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList('(', '[', '{'));
    Set<Character> closing = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(')', ']', '}'));

    Map<Character, Character> pairs = new HashMap<>();
    pairs.put(')', '(');
    pairs.put(']', '[');
    pairs.put('}', '{');

    for (char c : parentheses.toCharArray()) {
        if (opening.contains(c)) {
            stack.push(c);
        } else if (closing.contains(c)) {
            if (stack.isEmpty() || stack.peek() != pairs.get(c)) {
                return false;
            }
            stack.pop();
        }
    }

    return stack.isEmpty();
}

What is correct for the given method?