General and Python Data Science, Python, and SQL Online Test
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The General and Python Data Science, Python, and SQL online test assesses a candidate’s ability to analyze data, extract information, suggest conclusions, and support decision-making, as well as their ability to take advantage of Python and its standard library along with data science libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, or SciPy. It also tests a candidate’s knowledge of SQL queries and relational database concepts.
It's the ideal test for pre-employment screening. Data scientists and data analysts who use Python for their tasks should be able to leverage the functionality provided by Python' standard and data science libraries to extract and analyze knowledge and insights from data. Often, they also need a solid understanding of SQL to interface and access an SQL database efficiently.
This test requires candidates to demonstrate their ability to apply probability and statistics when solving data science problems, write programs using Python for the same purpose, solve coding problems in Python, and write SQL queries that extract and combine data.
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Free Sample Questions for General and Python Data Science, Python, and SQL Test
Our sample questions are free for companies to use on a trial plan. See more about our premium questions for paid plans below.
Pet Detection
5min
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Easy
Easy
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NUM
General Data Science
Confusion Matrix
Machine Learning
Public
General Data Science
When we need to discover the information hidden in vast amounts of data, or make smarter decisions to deliver even better products, data scientists hold the key to the answers you need.
Confusion Matrix
A confusion matrix is a specific table layout that allows for visualization of the performance of an algorithm. Each row of the matrix represents the instances in a predicted class while each column represents the instances in an actual class (or vice versa). As one of the most common techniques for analyzing classifier performance, it’s important for all machine learning developers.
Machine Learning
Machine learning is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead. It’s important for all tasks where it’s infeasible to construct conventional algorithms, which is often the case in Data Science.
Public
Public questions (free account) are common interview questions. They are great for practicing, or if you want to filter candidates using the classic problems.
A classifier that predicts if an image contains only a cat, a dog, or a llama produced the following confusion matrix:
| True values | ||||
| Dog | Cat | Llama | ||
| Predicted values | Dog | 14 | 2 | 1 |
| Cat | 2 | 12 | 3 | |
| Llama | 5 | 2 | 19 | |
What is the accuracy of the model, in percentages?
Student Majors
3min
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Easy
Easy
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MCA
Python
Lists
Tuples
New
Public
Python
Python is a widely used, high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Having a basic familiarity with the programming language used on the job is a prerequisite for quickly getting up to speed.
Lists
Lists are collections that act as dynamic arrays. Lists offer the flexibility of dynamically sized arrays, the simplicity of access of arrays, and are more performant than more ubiquitous collections in most scenarios.
Tuples
A tuple is an immutable collection which is ordered and unchangeable. It is a common collection in many programming languages.
New
This is a new addition to our question library.
Public
Public questions (free account) are common interview questions. They are great for practicing, or if you want to filter candidates using the classic problems.
A university's Office of Admission keeps track of student majors. Each student can have a single major. Below is an example of how their system stores students, majors, and how it manipulates them:
students = [("Allen Anderson", "Computer Science"),
("Edgar Einstein", "Engineering"),
("Farrah Finn", "Fine Arts")]
def add_new_student(students, name, major):
students.append((name, major))
def update_student(students, index, name, major):
students[index] = (name, major)
def find_students_by_name(students, name):
return [student for student in students if name in student[0]]
def get_all_majors(students):
return [student[1] for student in students]What can be concluded from the code snippet above?
(Select all acceptable answers.)
Login Table
15min
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Easy
Easy
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CODE
Python Data Science
Pandas
Public
Python Data Science
The Python programming language and its libraries contain a lot of functionality that's useful to data scientists. Powerful libraries like Numpy, Pandas, and Scipy are valuable tools for data scientists who use Python.
Pandas
Pandas is a library for the Python programming language that’s used for data manipulation and analysis. It is an essential library for any data scientist who works with Python.
Public
Public questions (free account) are common interview questions. They are great for practicing, or if you want to filter candidates using the classic problems.
A company stores login data and password hashes in two different containers:
- DataFrame with columns: Id, Login, Verified.
- Two-dimensional NumPy array where each element is an array that contains: Id and Password.
Elements on the same row/index have the same Id.
Implement the function login_table that accepts these two containers and modifies id_name_verified DataFrame in-place, so that:
- The Verified column should be removed.
- The password from NumPy array should be added as the last column with the name "Password" to DataFrame.
For example, the following code snippet:
id_name_verified = pd.DataFrame([[1, "JohnDoe", True], [2, "AnnFranklin", False]], columns=["Id", "Login", "Verified"])
id_password = np.array([[1, 987340123], [2, 187031122]], np.int32)
login_table(id_name_verified, id_password)
print(id_name_verified)Should print:
Id Login Password 0 1 JohnDoe 987340123 1 2 AnnFranklin 187031122
Students
3min
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Easy
Easy
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CODE
SQL
Aggregation
Select
Public
SQL
SQL is the dominant technology for accessing application data. It is increasingly becoming a performance bottleneck when it comes to scalability. Given its dominance, SQL is a crucial skill for all engineers.
Aggregation
An aggregate function is typically used in database queries to group together multiple rows to form a single value of meaningful data. A good programmer should be skilled at using data aggregation functions when interacting with databases.
Select
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database. It is the most used SQL command.
Public
Public questions (free account) are common interview questions. They are great for practicing, or if you want to filter candidates using the classic problems.
Given the following data definition, write a query that returns the number of students whose first name is John.
TABLE students id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, firstName VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, lastName VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL
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Premium Questions for General and Python Data Science, Python, and SQL Test
TestDome offers a premium questions library with 1000+ unique, hand-crafted questions whose answers can’t be found online. If you spot an answer somewhere online, we’ll give you a refund.
Question Names
These premium questions are included in this pre-built test and can be added to any multi-skill test. Please sign up for a paid plan to view the questions in detail.
Document Store, Is Alpha, Shipping, Log Patch, Category Tree, Paragraph, Products, Username, Language Teacher, Reward Points, Greeter, Tuple Slice, Medical Record, Numbers to Text, Hobbies, Class Grades, Age and Earnings, Distribution Fitting, Median Height, Birthday Cards, Billiard Club Occupancy, Procedural Generator, Cheating Indicator, Patient Classification, Subscribers, Wine Quality, Kilometer Converter, Crop Ratio, Log Parser, Cargo Ship, String Occurrence, Date Transform, Random Playlist, File Format, Book Authors, Count Hobbies, Chain Link, Distribution of Answers, Hiring Process, CTR, XML Navigation, Bank Loan, Cubic Approximation, Clean CSV, Special Actions, Roads, Authors, Autocomplete, Ban Users, Bank Branches, Cheapest Product, Countries, Developers, Hospital Patients, Index Performance, Menu Items, Merge Stock Index, Movies, Projects, Rectangles, Restaurant Menu, Retirees, SMS Messages, Poll, Users and Accounts, Matching Clothes, Agents, Sales, Employee Manager, Auto Show, Delete Orders, Welfare Organization, Tasks, Manager Sales, Student Rankings, Student Activities, Youngest Child, Movies Live, Department Report, Ingredients, Average Salary, Movie Genres, Segment, Rain, River Discharge, Credit Wizard, Bacterial Growth, ATM Locations, Ceramic Store, Credit Score, Action Stack, Read Write Execute, Read First Line, Transactions, Free Throws, Veterinarian, Book Sale, Unique Numbers, Moving Total, Max Sum, Internal Nodes, Paper Strip, Friend, Flight ConnectionsCovered Skills
Testing of these skills is covered in this pre-built test because they’re closely related. On our paid plan, you can easily create your own custom multi-skill tests.
PythonPython
Python is a widely used, high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Having a basic familiarity with the programming language used on the job is a prerequisite for quickly getting up to speed.
Bug Fixing
Everyone makes mistakes. A good programmer should be able to find and fix a bug in their or someone else's code.
Language
A programmer should use a language as a tool, always taking advantage of language-specific data types and built-in functions.
List Comprehension
A list comprehension is a syntactic construct for creating a list based on existing lists. As this is a common task, every programmer should be familiar with it.
Strings
The string data structure is used to represent text. It is one of the most commonly used data structures. Therefore, every programmer should be skilled at string manipulation.
Arithmetic
Arithmetic is a fundamental branch of mathematics. An understanding of arithmetic concepts, and their application, is important for every candidate.
Monkey Patching
Monkey Patching is a method of either adding new or overriding existing functionality without the creation of a new type. As such it's an important tool for developers to be familiar with.
Dictionary
A dictionary (or associative array) is a data type composed of a collection of key-value pairs, where each possible key appears at most once in the collection. It is used when we need to access items by their keys.
Exceptions
Exceptions exist in most modern programming languages, making it important for a programmer to understand them and know how to handle them.
Regex
A regular expression (regex) is a special text string for describing a search pattern. It is a common way for extracting data from text.
JSON
JSON is an open-standard format that uses human-readable text to transmit data objects consisting of attribute-value pairs. It's the most common data format used for asynchronous browser/server communication.
Serialization
Familiarity with data serialization to and from formats such as XML and JSON is important as it is commonly used for interprocess communication
Sorting
Every programmer should be familiar with data-sorting methods, as sorting is very common in data-analysis processes.
Inheritance
In object-oriented programming, inheritance is the mechanism of basing a class upon another class, retaining similar implementation. Inheritance allows programmers to reuse code and is a must know topic for every programmer who works with OOP languages.
OOP
Object-oriented programming is a paradigm based on encapsulating logic and data into objects, which may then contain fields and procedures. Many of the most widely used programming languages are based on OOP, making it a very important concept in modern programming.
Tuples
A tuple is an immutable collection which is ordered and unchangeable. It is a common collection in many programming languages.
Named Tuple
A named tuple is a tuple where each value has a preassigned name. It allows accessing values not just by index, but also by name. Among other things, it can increase the readability and maintainability of the code.
Iteration
Iteration is the act of repeating a process, or cycling through a collection. Iteration is one of the fundamental flow control tools available to developers.
Lists
Lists are collections that act as dynamic arrays. Lists offer the flexibility of dynamically sized arrays, the simplicity of access of arrays, and are more performant than more ubiquitous collections in most scenarios.
Python Data Science
The Python programming language and its libraries contain a lot of functionality that's useful to data scientists. Powerful libraries like Numpy, Pandas, and Scipy are valuable tools for data scientists who use Python.
Grouping
Grouping is the process of separating items into different groups. Developers and data scientists often need to group data so they can examine them separately.
NumPy
NumPy is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. NumPy is an essential library for any data scientist who works with Python.
Pandas
Pandas is a library for the Python programming language that’s used for data manipulation and analysis. It is an essential library for any data scientist who works with Python.
General Data Science
When we need to discover the information hidden in vast amounts of data, or make smarter decisions to deliver even better products, data scientists hold the key to the answers you need.
Linear Regression
Linear regression is one of the most frequently used methods for data analysis due to its simplicity and applicability to a wide variety of problems.
Cauchy Distribution
Cauchy distribution is the distribution of the ratio of two independent normally distributed Gaussian random variables. As one of the most widely used distributions, it is important for all Data Scientists to be familiar with it.
Exponential Distribution
Exponential distribution is the probability distribution that describes the time between events in a process in which events occur continuously and independently at a constant average rate. As one of the most widely used distributions, it is important for all Data Scientists to be familiar with it.
Normal Distribution
Normal distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution. Normal distributions are important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences to represent real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known. As one of the most widely used distributions, it is important for all Data Scientists to be familiar with it.
SciPy
SciPy is a Python library used for scientific and technical computing. Every data scientist who uses Python as a programming language should know how to use it for tasks such as optimization, linear algebra, integration, etc.
Data Cleaning
Data cleaning or data cleansing is the process of detecting and correcting (or removing) corrupt or inaccurate records. Data scientists should be familiar with it to avoid incorrect records that can affect analysis.
Outliers
An outlier is a data point that differs significantly from other observations. An outlier may be due to variability in the measurement or it may indicate experimental error; the latter are sometimes excluded from the data set. An outlier can cause serious problems in statistical analyses.
Random
Random number generators are used to generate random numbers and/or symbols. There are a wide variety of random number generators each with very specific use cases, as such it's important for all developers to know and understand when to use each type.
Bayes' Theorem
Bayes' theorem describes the probability of an event based on conditions related to the event. It is the central idea behind Bayesian inference, an important and increasingly popular technique in statistics.
Probability
Probability theory is the foundation of most statistical and machine-learning algorithms.
Classification
Classification is the problem of identifying to which set of categories a new observation belongs, on the basis of a training set of data containing observations whose category membership is known. As one of the common tasks in machine learning, it’s important for all data scientists.
Decision Boundary
In a binary classification problem with two classes, a decision boundary or decision surface is a hypersurface that partitions the underlying vector space into two sets, one for each class. The classifier will classify all the points on one side of the decision boundary as belonging to one class and all those on the other side as belonging to the other class.
Poisson Distribution
Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring within a fixed interval of time and/or space, if these events occur with a known average rate and independently of the time since the last event. As one of the most widely used distributions, it is important for all Data Scientists to be familiar with it.
Correlation
Correlation is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or two sets of data. As one of the fundamentals of Data Science, correlation is an important concept for all Data Scientists to be familiar with.
Multicollinearity
Multicollinearity is a phenomenon in which one predictor variable in a multiple regression model can be linearly predicted from the others with a substantial degree of accuracy. In this situation the coefficient estimates of the multiple regression may change erratically in response to small changes in the model or the data. As such, it’s important for all data scientists to check for collinear variables when looking at individual predictor variables in multiple regression models.
Method Overriding
Method overriding, in object-oriented programming, is a language feature that allows a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its parent classes.
Integer Division
Integer division is division in which the fractional part (remainder) is discarded. Knowing this is important for optimal implementation of some algorithms and for avoiding common bugs.
XML
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability across the Internet. This is one of the most used formats for exchanging data over the web.
Stream
A stream is a sequence of data elements made available over time. It is particularly useful for tasks that may benefit from being asynchronous, including tasks such as I/O processing or reading from a file, and as such is important for developers to understand.
Closures
Closures are an important concept in any programming language in which functions are first-class citizens.
Multithreading
Multi-threading allows a process to make more efficient use of modern hardware by allowing code to execute asynchronously. It can drastically improve the performance of any app; however, it can be tricky to get right, making this an important topic for any programmer.
Performance Tuning
The performance of an application or system is important. The responsiveness and scalability of an application are all related to how performant an application is. Each algorithm and query can have a large positive or negative effect on the whole system.
Conditional Statements
Conditional statements are a feature of most programming and query languages. They allow the programmer to control what computations are carried out based on a Boolean condition.
Linked List
A linked list is a linear collection of data elements where each element points to the next. It is a data structure consisting of a collection of nodes which together represent a sequence. It is usually used for advanced scenarios where we need fast access to the next element, or when we need to remove an element from anywhere in the collection.
Probability Distributions
A probability distribution is a function that describes the likelihood of obtaining the possible values that a random variable can assume. They describe what we can expect from random trials.
Decision Tree
A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like model of decisions and their possible consequences. It is usually a tool for displaying an algorithm that contains only conditional control statements and is a must-know for every data scientist.
Machine Learning
Machine learning is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead. It’s important for all tasks where it’s infeasible to construct conventional algorithms, which is often the case in Data Science.
Binomial Distribution
Binomial distribution is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of independent yes/no experiments, each of which yields success with a given probability.
P-Value
An important concept, p-value is defined as the probability of obtaining a result equal to or "more extreme" than what was actually observed, when the null hypothesis is true.
Dynamic Objects
Dynamic objects expose members such as properties and methods at run time, instead of at compile time. This enables you to create objects to work with structures that do not match a static type or format.
Nonlinear Regression
Nonlinear regression is a form of regression analysis in which observational data are modeled by a function which is a nonlinear combination of the model parameters and depends on one or more independent variables. Since many problems are not linear, nonlinear regression is important for machine learning practitioners.
Scikit-Learn
Scikit-learn (or sklearn) is a machine learning library for the Python programming language. Every data scientist who works with Python and tasks such as classification, regression, and clustering algorithms should know how to use it.
Processing CSV
A comma-separated values (CSV) file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values. Each line of the file is a data record. Each record consists of one or more fields, separated by commas. Processing CSV files is a common task when working with tabular data.
SQL
SQL is the dominant technology for accessing application data. It is increasingly becoming a performance bottleneck when it comes to scalability. Given its dominance, SQL is a crucial skill for all engineers.
Conditions
Conditional statements are a feature of most programming and query languages. They allow the programmer to control what computations are carried out based on a Boolean condition.
Views
A database view is a result set that is defined by a stored query, the results of which can can also be queried. As a fundamental and widely used database construct, it's useful for candidates to understand how and when they should be used.
Select
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database. It is the most used SQL command.
Create Index
The CREATE INDEX statement is used to create indexes for tables. Indexes are used to retrieve data from the database more quickly. They are very important for making performant queries.
Database Schema
A database schema defines how data is stored in a database. Fields are assigned fixed data types and restrictions. Formalizing how data is stored is an early step towards building an application or service.
Alter Table
The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, delete, or modify columns and constraints in an existing table. Alter table statements are important for all programmers who have to modify existing schemas.
Constraints
Constraints are used to define rules and relationships. They are applied to a dataset. A constraint may take many forms, such as x ≤ 5 in a programming language and a NOT NULL constraint in a SQL table definition.
Create Table
The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table in a database. It is an essential command when creating new database.
Aggregation
An aggregate function is typically used in database queries to group together multiple rows to form a single value of meaningful data. A good programmer should be skilled at using data aggregation functions when interacting with databases.
Subqueries
Subqueries are commonly used in database interactions, making it important for a programmer to be skilled at writing them.
Ordering
Knowing how to order data is a common task for every programmer.
Indexes
The proper implementation and use of indexes are important for improving the performance of database queries.
Union
The UNION operator is used to combine the result-set of two or more SELECT statements. It is often used when a report needs to be made based on multiple tables.
Group by
The GROUP BY statement groups rows by some attribute into summary rows. It is a common command when making various reports.
Update
The update operation is used to modify existing entries in a database and is used with high frequency when dealing with mutable data.
Insert
Even though most database insert queries are simple, a good programmer should know how to handle more complicated situations like batch inserts.
Joins
A normalized database is normally made up of multiple tables. Joins are, therefore, required to query across multiple tables.
Left Join
LEFT JOIN is one of the ways to merge rows from two tables. We use it when we also want to show rows that exist in one table, but don't exist in the other table.
Right Join
RIGHT JOIN is one of the ways to merge rows from two tables. We use it when we also want to show rows that exist in one table, but don't exist in the other table.
Delete
The delete statement is used to delete records in a table and is one of the four basic CRUD functions (create, read, update, and delete) required for working with any persistent storage.
SQL CASE
The CASE statement is SQL's control statement. It goes through conditions and returns a value.
CTE
A CTE (Common Table Expression) is a temporary result set that can be referenced within another SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. Recursive CTEs can reference themselves, which enables developers to work with hierarchical data.
ROC
A receiver operating characteristic curve is a graphical plot that illustrates the diagnostic ability of a binary classifier system as its discrimination threshold is varied. The curve is created by plotting the true positive rate against the false positive rate at all possible decision boundaries. It is useful for selecting possibly optimal models and to discard suboptimal ones prior to specifying decision boundaries.
Database Normalization
Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It should be used to avoid undesirable side-effects such as update, insert, and delete anomalies.
Curve Fitting
Curve fitting is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points. This is basic knowledge of every data scientist.
K-Nearest Neighbors
An important Data Science algorithm, the k-nearest neighbors algorithm is a non-parametric method used for classification and regression. In both cases, the input consists of the k closest training examples in the feature space. The output depends on whether k-NN is used for classification or regression.
Stack
A stack is dynamic data container that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle. Developers should use stack when the last item to be inserted into a container is the first one to be deleted from it.
Data Aggregation
Data aggregation is the process of gathering and summarizing information in a specified form. It is a common component of most statistical analysis processes.
Algorithmic Thinking
When designing and/or analyzing an algorithm or data structure, it is important to consider the performance and structure of an implementation. Algorithmic thinking is one of the key traits of a good programmer, especially one working on complex or performance-critical code.
Queue
A queue is a collection of items that are maintained in a sequence and can be modified by the addition of entities at one end of the sequence and removal from the other end of the sequence. It is the collection to be used when first-in-first-out (FIFO) collection is needed.
Set
A set is a collection of distinct objects. It's one of the most used types of collection, alongside arrays, lists, and maps. There are many different types of set, each with multiple specific optimizations and use cases. It is, therefore, one of the most important collections for a developer to be familiar with.
Tree
A tree is a hierarchical structure defined recursively starting with the root node, where each node is a data structure consisting of a value, together with a list of references to other nodes (the "children"). A lot of problems can be solved efficiently with trees, which makes them important for developers.
Graphs
Many real-life situations are best modeled by graphs. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of graph data structures is important for a good programmer.
Recommended Job Roles
These are the job roles that we recommend for the General and Python Data Science, Python, and SQL online test.
Data Analyst
Data Scientist
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